Every year Americans legally
import millions of wild animals and wildlife products. Sometimes they’re
live animals destined for zoos. Sometimes they’re trophies from hunts
or intended for scientific purposes. But overwhelmingly, they’re for the
commercial trade—coats, shoes, wallets, jewelry, and exotic pets. Some
are bred in captivity. Some are taken from the wild. Here are some of
the animals imported in the greatest numbers in recent years. Pythons: Reese Witherspoon was slammed in 2011 when paparazzi photographed her carrying a $4,000 python-skin Chloé bag. In California, it’s been illegal
to sell python-skin products since 1970 (but not to own them). So while
they’re off the market in California, the rest of the U.S. still has
quite an appetite for the snakes. Some 3.7 million pythons and python
items were imported from 2005 through 2014, according to a National
Geographic analysis of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service data. Reticulated
pythons and Burmese pythons are the most popular species for skin
products, and ball pythons were the most popular species imported live.
Rarer species, such as Ramsay’s python, which is endangered, were
imported live in smaller numbers. American black bears: Americans import a lot of black
bears—almost all are trophies from hunts in Canada. More than 72,000
black bear trophies (meaning the whole bodies) were imported during the
past decade, as well as tens of thousands of teeth, claws, skins, and
skulls. Macaques: The crab-eating macaque, found throughout Southeast Asia, is one of the most popular species for biomedical research, especially
for drug development and substance abuse research. Some countries have
established breeding facilities to supply these animals to the research
industry, but there are some concerns that they’re are actually getting macaques from the wild, contributing to their rapidly declining populations. African elephants: No surprise here, Americans want elephant
products. The vast majority are skin and leather items. From 2005
through 2014, more than 12,600 whole elephant skins were imported, plus
nearly 22,000 skin pieces, and 6,000 small elephant-skin products such
as watchbands and wallets. There was plenty of ivory too: more than
30,000 ivory pieces, including carvings and jewelry, and 2,500 tusks. Sharks: Nearly half the 5.2 million shark teeth imported
during the past decade were from mako sharks. Their long, thin teeth are
sold by wholesalers in bulk to make into necklaces and other jewelry.
Also popular are teeth from bull sharks, sand tiger sharks, and even
great whites, whose populations are under pressure from the curio trade.
And then there are shark fins. Most of that trade is under the table.
Legally, though, Americans imported about 4,200 fins during the past
decade. Caimans and crocs: They come in as shoes, belts, and
briefcases. Meat, skulls, and whole-body trophies from hunts. Teeth,
tails, and oil. Also live crocs and their cousins, the caimans. The
import of 7.4 million of these animals and their products during the
past decade makes them among the most popular of all. The vast majority
were common caimans, an animal that likely numbers in the millions and
is not of conservation concern.
But another top species was the Nile crocodile, which was hunted to near extinction
by the 1960s. It’s numbers have rebounded, but the commercial trade in
wild-caught Nile crocs remains prohibited or tightly regulated in most
countries. Most imported Nile crocodile products come from farmed
animals in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Style icon Jane Birkin, the
namesake of one of the most coveted handbag lines, by Hermès, requested that her name be removed from the label last year when a PETA investigation revealed serious animal welfare concerns at Zimbabwe and Texas crocodile farms that supply the fashion house.
The animals were allegedly living in overcrowded, dirty ponds,
lacking proper medical care and diets, and being killed inhumanely. A
sheriff’s investigation into the Texas farm confirmed most of PETA’s
findings, though a grand jury cleared the farm’s employees, the Houston Pressreported. Hermès called it an “isolated situation” and apparently dealt with it to Birkin’s satisfaction: In September 2015, she withdrew her request to have her name removed. Vicuñas: It was the coat that took down President Dwight
Eisenhower’s chief of staff, Sherman Adams. The silky smooth hair of the
vicuña, a llama-like animal that lives only high in the Andes, is like
cashmere to the umpteenth power. Today an off-the-rack vicuña coat can cost $21,000.
So when Adams accepted one from his friend, billionaire textile
manufacturer Bernard Goldfine, who just happened to be under
investigation by the Federal Trade Commission, it was seen as a bribe.
Adams resigned in 1958.
Like any animal with a product that’s highly coveted, the vicuña was
nearly poached to extinction. With intensive management, their
populations recovered, and the wool trade re-opened. But once again they face threats from poaching
and the illegal trade. Legally, Americans imported some 4,800 pieces of
vicuña clothing and more than 2,000 square yards (1,700 square meters)
of vicuña cloth during the past ten years. This story was produced by National Geographic’s Special
Investigations Unit, which focuses on wildlife crime and is made
possible by grants from the BAND Foundation and the Woodtiger Fund. Read
more stories from the SIU on Wildlife Watch. Send tips, feedback and story ideas to ngwildlife@ngs.org. Follow Rachael Bale on Twitter.
Snakes, Sharks, and Other Wild Animals Americans Want
Pythons: Some
3.7 million pythons and python items were legally imported to the U.S.
from 2005 through 2014. Products made from Burmese pythons and
reticulated pythons, such as the one pictured, were especially common.
Photograph by Tim Laman
American black bears: More than 72,000 black bear trophies were imported during the past decade, mainly from Canada.
Photograph by Paul Nicklen
Macaques: Crab-eating macaques were imported in high numbers for biomedical research.
Photograph by Tim Laman
African elephants:
More than 12,600 whole elephant skins, 22,000 skin pieces, and more
than 30,000 ivory pieces were legally imported from 2004 through 2014.
Photograph by Michael Nichols
Sharks: During
the past decade, about 5.2 million shark teeth were imported, likely
for jewelry. About half a million of those were from sand tiger sharks,
like the one pictured.
Photograph by Brian Skerry
Caimans and crocs: About
7.4 million caimans, crocodiles, and their products were imported
during the last decade. Most items were made from the leather of the
common caiman, like the one pictured.
Photograph by Joel Sartore
Nile crocodiles: Products
from this croc are imported to the U.S. from captive-bred animals in
South Africa and Zimbabwe, where activists have raised concerns about
inhumane treatment
Photograph by Sergio Pitamitz
Vicuñas: Their
hair makes cloth that's softer—and much more expensive—than
cashmere. Americans imported more than 2,000 square yards (1,700 square
meters) of the cloth and some 4,800 pieces of vicuña clothing during the
past ten years.
Photograph by Beth Wald
1 / 9
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Every year Americans legally import millions of
wild animals and wildlife products. Sometimes they’re live animals
destined for zoos. Sometimes they’re trophies from hunts or intended for
scientific purposes. But overwhelmingly, they’re for the commercial
trade—coats, shoes, wallets, jewelry, and exotic pets. Some are bred in
captivity. Some are taken from the wild. Here are some of the animals
imported in the greatest numbers in recent years. Pythons: Reese Witherspoon was slammed in 2011 when paparazzi photographed her carrying a $4,000 python-skin Chloé bag. In California, it’s been illegal
to sell python-skin products since 1970 (but not to own them). So while
they’re off the market in California, the rest of the U.S. still has
quite an appetite for the snakes. Some 3.7 million pythons and python
items were imported from 2005 through 2014, according to a National
Geographic analysis of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service data. Reticulated
pythons and Burmese pythons are the most popular species for skin
products, and ball pythons were the most popular species imported live.
Rarer species, such as Ramsay’s python, which is endangered, were
imported live in smaller numbers. American black bears: Americans import a lot of black
bears—almost all are trophies from hunts in Canada. More than 72,000
black bear trophies (meaning the whole bodies) were imported during the
past decade, as well as tens of thousands of teeth, claws, skins, and
skulls. Macaques: The crab-eating macaque, found throughout Southeast Asia, is one of the most popular species for biomedical research, especially
for drug development and substance abuse research. Some countries have
established breeding facilities to supply these animals to the research
industry, but there are some concerns that they’re are actually getting macaques from the wild, contributing to their rapidly declining populations. African elephants: No surprise here, Americans want elephant
products. The vast majority are skin and leather items. From 2005
through 2014, more than 12,600 whole elephant skins were imported, plus
nearly 22,000 skin pieces, and 6,000 small elephant-skin products such
as watchbands and wallets. There was plenty of ivory too: more than
30,000 ivory pieces, including carvings and jewelry, and 2,500 tusks. Sharks: Nearly half the 5.2 million shark teeth imported
during the past decade were from mako sharks. Their long, thin teeth are
sold by wholesalers in bulk to make into necklaces and other jewelry.
Also popular are teeth from bull sharks, sand tiger sharks, and even
great whites, whose populations are under pressure from the curio trade.
And then there are shark fins. Most of that trade is under the table.
Legally, though, Americans imported about 4,200 fins during the past
decade. Caimans and crocs: They come in as shoes, belts, and
briefcases. Meat, skulls, and whole-body trophies from hunts. Teeth,
tails, and oil. Also live crocs and their cousins, the caimans. The
import of 7.4 million of these animals and their products during the
past decade makes them among the most popular of all. The vast majority
were common caimans, an animal that likely numbers in the millions and
is not of conservation concern.
But another top species was the Nile crocodile, which was hunted to near extinction
by the 1960s. It’s numbers have rebounded, but the commercial trade in
wild-caught Nile crocs remains prohibited or tightly regulated in most
countries. Most imported Nile crocodile products come from farmed
animals in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Style icon Jane Birkin, the
namesake of one of the most coveted handbag lines, by Hermès, requested that her name be removed from the label last year when a PETA investigation revealed serious animal welfare concerns at Zimbabwe and Texas crocodile farms that supply the fashion house.
The animals were allegedly living in overcrowded, dirty ponds,
lacking proper medical care and diets, and being killed inhumanely. A
sheriff’s investigation into the Texas farm confirmed most of PETA’s
findings, though a grand jury cleared the farm’s employees, the Houston Pressreported. Hermès called it an “isolated situation” and apparently dealt with it to Birkin’s satisfaction: In September 2015, she withdrew her request to have her name removed. Vicuñas: It was the coat that took down President Dwight
Eisenhower’s chief of staff, Sherman Adams. The silky smooth hair of the
vicuña, a llama-like animal that lives only high in the Andes, is like
cashmere to the umpteenth power. Today an off-the-rack vicuña coat can cost $21,000.
So when Adams accepted one from his friend, billionaire textile
manufacturer Bernard Goldfine, who just happened to be under
investigation by the Federal Trade Commission, it was seen as a bribe.
Adams resigned in 1958.
Like any animal with a product that’s highly coveted, the vicuña was
nearly poached to extinction. With intensive management, their
populations recovered, and the wool trade re-opened. But once again they face threats from poaching
and the illegal trade. Legally, Americans imported some 4,800 pieces of
vicuña clothing and more than 2,000 square yards (1,700 square meters)
of vicuña cloth during the past ten years. This story was produced by National Geographic’s Special
Investigations Unit, which focuses on wildlife crime and is made
possible by grants from the BAND Foundation and the Woodtiger Fund. Read
more stories from the SIU on Wildlife Watch. Send tips, feedback and story ideas to ngwildlife@ngs.org. Follow Rachael Bale on Twitter.
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